Title fraud, or deed theft, is when someone illegally transfers the title or deed of your property without your knowledge, often using forged documents or fake IDs. The criminal’s goal is to steal your money by making it seem like someone else owns your property or that you transferred your property to someone else. When left unaddressed, title fraud can result in foreclosure or eviction—even if you still live in the home.

A scammer might forge your signature to transfer the property’s title to themselves using a fake ID and file it with the local recorder’s office. This makes it appear that you willingly transferred over the title of your home to them, and they now own it. Another scenario is where a scammer attempts to list and sell a property or take out a loan against it, claiming to be the owner. Fraudulent filings can be difficult to spot unless someone is actively monitoring public records.

Scammers often target properties that are unoccupied or do not have a mortgage, but there are specific behaviors that can signal something is wrong. Warning signs include a seller who is offering a vacant property for significantly less than its market value, communicates only through electronic means while avoiding phone or video conversations, or insists on using their own remote notary to close the sale. These tactics are designed to avoid detection and can be a sign that the transaction—or even the seller—is fraudulent. Agents who are REALTORS® can help you avoid instances of potential title fraud by working with trusted title and escrow companies, guiding you through secure transactions, and helping make sure your ownership is properly recorded and protected.

If you currently own property, ask your local county if they offer fraud alerts for property documents, periodically check online tax and property records, and keep your ownership records in a secure place. When buying, make sure a full title search is done and consider purchasing owner’s title insurance, a common step during the process of buying your first home. You should verify wiring instructions by phone to avoid related scams during the transaction process.

Title insurance protects you from title-related issues including fraudulent claims on a home. One of its key protections is legal defense and loss coverage in the event that someone else claims to own your property because of a forged deed. In fact, if you are financing your home with a mortgage, most lenders will require title insurance because it protects them from defects in the title and ensures that documents are valid and enforceable.

Warning signs include if you stop receiving property tax bills or receive mail for someone else at your address. Unexpected notices from banks or government offices may also be a sign that someone has tampered with your home’s title.

Alert the FBI via the Internet Crime Complaint Center, contact your local police, and speak to a real estate attorney as soon as possible. Report the fraud to your county recorder and notify your title insurance provider if you have coverage. Acting fast can help limit the damage. You may also want to place a fraud alert or credit freeze on your accounts to prevent further identity misuse.